Write the effectiveness criterion before the action goes in: what you will measure, over what window, and what result means it worked. The CAPA Effectiveness Verification Worksheet (B08) holds the record open until the evidence is in, and its 'Choosing the criterion' tab gives starting points by kind of problem. If the check shows the action did not work, reopen the record, keep the history and go back to the cause.
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Clause numbers refer to AS9100D (SAE AS9100 Rev D) unless another document is named. The standards' text is not reproduced here: use your own licensed copy.
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